Epidemiology
Saleh Jafarian; Ali Ahmadi; Masoud Amiri; Rahman Biokani; Zohreh Abbaspour; Masoud Mahmoudzadeh
Abstract
Background and aims: Motorcycle accidents are a major concern for countries. One of the most important risk factors for motorcyclists is the lack of helmet use. This study aimed to measure the rate of the helmet use and predictive factors in Shahrekord, Iran.
Methods: Using simple random ...
Read More
Background and aims: Motorcycle accidents are a major concern for countries. One of the most important risk factors for motorcyclists is the lack of helmet use. This study aimed to measure the rate of the helmet use and predictive factors in Shahrekord, Iran.
Methods: Using simple random sampling method, this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 with a sample size of 350 motorcyclists. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the SPSS software version 24 was used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean age of participants was 28.8 ± 10.1 years. Out of 350 participants, 15.1% and 1.4% of motorcyclists and their passengers used helmets. The most important predictors of helmet use were age more than 35 years, high education, and having a driving license. The most important reason for using the helmet was protection against injuries in accidents.
Conclusion: According to our results, the rate of helmet use was low. Thus, more efforts should be made to intervene and train for the helmet use among community members with an emphasis on younger people, individuals with governmental jobs, and people with lower education level.
Social Epidemiology
Ali Ahmadi; maryam sadat ghaemfard; asieh mansouri; Soleiman Kheiri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 December 2020
Abstract
Background and Aim: Social health is "the quantity and quality of individual interaction with society in order to promote the well-being of individuals in society." This interaction promotes social capital, social security, poverty reduction and injustice. So far, no study has been done on ...
Read More
Background and Aim: Social health is "the quantity and quality of individual interaction with society in order to promote the well-being of individuals in society." This interaction promotes social capital, social security, poverty reduction and injustice. So far, no study has been done on the social health situation in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. This study was conducted to determine the social health status in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during 1398.Methods and Materials: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed using the data base of the prospective epidemiological study of Shahrekord cohort in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 1398. To measure social health, a valid Iranian social health questionnaire with a score of 33 to 165 was used.Results: Out of 600 invited samples, 597 people completed the social health questionnaire (99.5% response rate). The mean age of participants was 48.54 9 9.33 years. The mean and standard deviation of the social health score of the subjects was 115.71 22 22.7. This score was higher in men than women (p-value = 0.038).Conclusion: Social health in the study population is moderate and needs the attention of health policy makers and planners. By holding training classes for villagers and teaching them how to interact with each other, especially with family members, and with more participation of women in social affairs and increasing their social relations, as well as counseling on social health of people with abnormal body mass index.
Hamid Gheibipour; Ghorbanali Rahimian; Ali Ahmadi
Abstract
Background and aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whichinvolves the rectum and colonic mucosa, and is often constantly expanding. Few data are available onrisk factors in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigatethe ...
Read More
Background and aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whichinvolves the rectum and colonic mucosa, and is often constantly expanding. Few data are available onrisk factors in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigatethe association between potential risk factors and UC in Shahrekord.Methods: A case-control study was conducted on patients diagnosed with UC. Overall, 27 new casesof UC and 54 healthy controls in the age range of 20–80 years were studied. Participants were recruitedfrom Pathologic Centers in Shahrekord in 2018. Chi-square test and t test and were used. Logisticregression model was employed to analyze the association between risk factors and UC disease.Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 41.74 years (SD: 7.16 years) and 44.94 years (SD: 6.67years) for case and control subjects, respectively. Moreover, univariate and multiple odds ratio (OR)showed that there was no significant association between UC and any of the risk factors includinggender, marital status, education, diastolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of hypertension,permanent use of piped water, night shift work, history of thyroid diseases, depression, history of fattyliver disease, history of kidney stones, and sleep time and wake-up time in the morning.Conclusion: Generally, no significant association was observed between UC and the variables in thepresent study. Thus, further studies with larger sample size are necessary to better understand the otherrisk factors and environmental determinants of UC.
Fatemeh Salehi; Ali Ahmadi
Abstract
Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to revalidate the Persian version of the WHOquality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument to determine the quality of life status in the ShahrekordCohort Study (SCS) in the southwest of Iran. This study was designed to serve as one of the sources ofthe Prospective ...
Read More
Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to revalidate the Persian version of the WHOquality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument to determine the quality of life status in the ShahrekordCohort Study (SCS) in the southwest of Iran. This study was designed to serve as one of the sources ofthe Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2000 people were randomly selected from thestudy population of the SCS. The reliability and internal consistency of the WHOQOL-BREF weremeasured using Cronbach alpha coefficient and Pearson’s correlation. construct validity and factorsmeasured using Pearson’s correlation matrices with each of its domains. To measure the face, content,and construct validities, the views of the panel of experts and exploratory factor analysis were used. Inaddition, the validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using linear regression.Results: All domains of the questionnaire met the minimum reliability standards (Cronbach alphaand intra-class correlation >0.7), except for social relationships. The results of comparison analysisindicated that the questionnaire discriminated well between subgroups of the study samples differingin their health status. Regarding validity, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.94 and the valueof Bartlett’s test was 1699.01 (P≤0.001).Conclusion: The findings suggested that WHOQOL-BREF is a reliable and valid measure of healthrelatedquality of life among SCS population.
Epidemiology
Narjes Rajaei Behbahani; Koorosh Etemad; Yadollah Mehrabi; Ali Ahmadi; Jalil Hasani
Volume 3, Issue 2 , Spring 2016, , Pages 106-111
Abstract
Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality among men and women so that the difference in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) symptoms between men and women can affect diagnosis and time of decision making for treatment and consequently disease outcomes. Therefore, knowledge ...
Read More
Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality among men and women so that the difference in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) symptoms between men and women can affect diagnosis and time of decision making for treatment and consequently disease outcomes. Therefore, knowledge of different symptoms affects the prognosis of the disease according to the gender. This study was conducted to determine the difference in clinical manifestations of MI between men and women. Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study all patients with primary diagnosis of AMI (n: 33831) in Iran in 2014-2015 were included. Data analysis was done by Stata. For descriptive data, central indices and distribution were used, and for investigation of the association among the variables, independent t-test and logistic regression were used. Results: Overall, 33831 patients were included in this study, of whom, 24532 (51.72%) were male and the rest were female. Mean age at MI incidence was 80.0 7.59 years in men and 13.66 13.0 in women. Being female increased the likelihood of dyspnea by 3.1 times, vomiting by 31.1 times, and jaw pain by 21.1 times. No significant difference was seen in left arm pain, chest pain, nausea, and sweating between men and women (P>0.05). Conclusion: Atypical symptoms, particularly in women, may cause the delay in referring the patients and also delay in decision making for diagnosis and treatment by the medical team. Hence, staff and patients of ICUs need more special information about AMI symptoms, especially with regard to gender.
Epidemiology
Ali Ahmadi; Mahmoud Mobasheri; Hamid Soori
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Autumn 2014, , Pages 3-8
Abstract
Background and aims: Coronary heart diseases (CHDs) contribute to mortality, morbidity, disability, productivity and quality of life. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of major risk factors for CHD in the provinces of Iran. Methods: This study reported pre-existing data and was of secondary, ...
Read More
Background and aims: Coronary heart diseases (CHDs) contribute to mortality, morbidity, disability, productivity and quality of life. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of major risk factors for CHD in the provinces of Iran. Methods: This study reported pre-existing data and was of secondary, descriptive type. Prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors was defined for the provinces of Iran. A reliable report of NCD risk factors, the national surveillance program conducted in Iran, such as type II diabetes, hypertension and mean body mass index (BMI), smoking, hookah smoking, high cholesterol and obesity was used. Results: The highest and lowest prevalence of hypertension was obtained in Bushehr (20.85%) and Yazd (12.86%) provinces, respectively. The highest mean BMI was reported from Mazandaran province (26) and the lowest from Sistan and Baluchestan province (22.50). Qom province had the highest prevalence of diabetes (27.65%). The highest prevalence of high cholesterol was obtained in Lorestan province (50.87 %) and the lowest in the Khouzestan province (22.71%). East Azarbaijan province had the highest prevalence of smoking (14.8%) and Kurdistan province the lowest (0.16%). Hookah smoking was most prevalent in Hormozgan province (7.62%). The highest prevalence of physical activities was reported from Sistan and Baluchestan province (47.84%) and the lowest from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad (22.2%). Conclusion: Prevalence of CHD risk factors is the main priority for the Iranian health system. There is a need for intervention programs in the provinces which are at greater risk as well as for modification of people’s lifestyle.