Mojtaba Khazaei; Fatemeh Ghasemi; Mehrdokht Mazdeh; Elham Khanlarzadeh; Masoud Ghiasian
Abstract
Background and aims: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has several types, some of which damage myelin and some others cause axonal damage. Detecting the type of GBS is important in determining the type of treatment and its prognosis. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics ...
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Background and aims: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has several types, some of which damage myelin and some others cause axonal damage. Detecting the type of GBS is important in determining the type of treatment and its prognosis. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of GBS and its variants in patients referred to Sina hospital in Hamadan, Iran, in 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 patients who were admitted to Sina hospital and diagnosed with GBS in 2018 were examined. Demographic data, GBS type, disease outcomes, and pre-clinical and clinical findings of patients were collected. Data were then analyzed using the Stata software version 12, and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 51 investigated patients, 34 (66.66%) were male. The most common variant type was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) with 27.45% of cases followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) with 19.61% of cases. Further, the highest average hospitalization days (11.1 ± 11.7 days) were for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients, while the lowest (6.85 ± 1.91 days) was for AIDP patients (P < 0.001). All CIDP cases occurred in spring, and 71.43% of AIDP cases occurred in summer. Moreover, all 7 cases with acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) syndrome and the only case with the miller-fisher syndrome (MFS) occurred in fall (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, most variants of GBS in Hamadan province were AIDP in demyelinating form and AMAN variant in the axonal deterioration form. However, studies with a larger sample size are recommended in the west of Iran to better understand the epidemiology and to ensure common types of GBS.
Farideh Gharekhanloo; Seyyed Hamid Hashemi; Fariba Keramat; Farzaneh Esna-Ashari; Mojgan Mamani; Mohammad Mahdi Majzoubi; Saeed Bashirian; Mahsa Gharekhanloo; Salman Khazaei
Abstract
Background and aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world and become a pandemic disease. In this study, we decided to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in COVID-19 patients in Hamadan, west of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was ...
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Background and aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world and become a pandemic disease. In this study, we decided to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in COVID-19 patients in Hamadan, west of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from February to March 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and chest CT findings of identified COVID-19 patients were assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.21 ± 14.08 years, and 54 (53.47%) of them were male. With regard to clinical manifestations, 82.18%, 72.28% and 54.46% of COVID-19 patients had dry cough, dyspnea, and fever, respectively. The right lower lobe was the most commonly and severely involved lope (69%), followed by left lower lobe, right middle lobe, and lingual segment; however, the anterior segment of upper lobes showed the least involvement with abnormality in the late course of the disease. The most common pattern was ground glass opacity (GGO), but atypical patterns such as round pneumonia, moderate to severe pleural effusion, and segmental lobar consolidation were seen without evidence of mediastinal adenopathy, cavitation, or nodular lesion. Chest X-ray (CXR) was not a sensitive method as the first-line imaging method because 34.65% of them were normal. Conclusion: CXR is not a sensitive method as the first-line imaging method (34.65% normal first CXR), but chest CT is a very sensitive and nonspecific modality for diagnosis of COVID-19. The lower lobe and posterior basal segments of the lungs are the most involved sites in most cases. About 12% showed atypical chest CT findings.