Editorial
Pharmacology
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh; Masoud Amiri; Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 50-52
Original Article
Epidemiology
Rodney P. Jones
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 53-67
Abstract
Background and aims: Trends in deaths and medical admissions in the UK and Europe show evidence for a series of infectious-like events. These events have been overlooked by traditional surveillance methodologies. Preliminary evidence points to a rise in medical admissions in Australia around the same ...
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Background and aims: Trends in deaths and medical admissions in the UK and Europe show evidence for a series of infectious-like events. These events have been overlooked by traditional surveillance methodologies. Preliminary evidence points to a rise in medical admissions in Australia around the same time as those observed in Europe, and this study was aimed to evaluate whether the deaths are occurred in similar way. Methods: Both monthly and annually deaths in the states of Australia and smaller local authority geographies were analyzed for evidence of large and abrupt step-like increases which endured for a minimum of 12 months. Monthly data were analyzed using a 12-month running total of deaths, while annual data compared one year to the next by converting changes in deaths into standard deviation equivalents in an assumed Poisson distribution. Results: At State and Local government level, there was evidence for spatial spread of an agent causing step-like changes in deaths which endured for 12 to 18 months before returning to the expected time-trajectory for deaths. The maximum step-like change ranged from 4.1% in New South Wales to 11.7% in the Northern Territory. The magnitude of the step-change was reduced with the size of the spatial geography and followed a power law function with size. Conclusion: The same events leading to increased deaths and medical admissions in the UK and Europe (Northern Hemisphere), also appeared to be operating in Australia (Southern Hemisphere) at roughly the same points in time. A common infectious source appeared to be implicated.
Original Article
Epidemiology
Parisa Chamanparaa; Abbas Moghimbeigi; Javad Faradmal; Jalal Poorolajal
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 68-77
Abstract
Background and aims: The aim of this study was the modeling of the incidence rates of Colorectal, breast and prostate cancers using a shared component model in order to explore the spatial pattern of their shared risk factors (i.e., obesity and low physical activity) affecting on cancer incidence, and ...
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Background and aims: The aim of this study was the modeling of the incidence rates of Colorectal, breast and prostate cancers using a shared component model in order to explore the spatial pattern of their shared risk factors (i.e., obesity and low physical activity) affecting on cancer incidence, and also to estimate the relative weight of these shared components. Methods: In this study, the new cases of colorectal, breast and prostate cancers information provided by the Management Center of Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 2009 were analyzed. The Bayesian shared component model was used. In addition, BYM (Besag, York and Mollie) model was applied to investigate the geographical pattern of disease incidence rates, individually. Results: The larger effect of obesity on the incidence of the relevant cancers was found in Ardabil, West Azarbaijan, Gilan, Zanjan, Kurdistan, Qazvin, Tehran, Mazandaran, Hamadan, Kermanshah, Semnan, Golestan, Yazd and Kerman, and this component was more important for prostate cancer compared to colorectal and breast cancers. In addition, low physical activity shared component had more effect on the incidence of colorectal and breast cancers in Ardabil, Zanjan, Qazvin, Tehran, Mazandaran, Markazi, Lorestan, Kermanshah, Ilam, Khuzestan, South Khorasan, Yazd, Kerman and Fars, and also, this component was more important for Breast cancer compared to Colorectal cancer. Conclusion: Based on deviance Information criterion, combined modeling of three understudy cancers using a shared component model was better than modeling them individually using BYM model.
Original Article
Clinical
Mehrnaz Mozaffarian; Mojdeh Sharifian Fard; Reza Vafaee; Alireza Jahangirifard
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 78-81
Abstract
Background and aims: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease mainly involves sacroiliac and axial joints; but it may also have extra-articular involvement. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiac involvement among patients with ankylosing ...
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Background and aims: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease mainly involves sacroiliac and axial joints; but it may also have extra-articular involvement. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiac involvement among patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Methods: This study was performed as a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional survey. In this study 50 consecutive patients with AS and 40 normal healthy subjects were enrolled and compared for cardiologic manifestations. Results: The frequency of cardiac involvement was similar between AS patients and normal subjects (P>0.05). However, there was significant difference between 2 groups in point of mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation (P<0.05). Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results, it may be concluded that the frequency of cardiac involvement in AS patients and normal subjects were relatively similar.
Original Article
Epidemiology
Zahra Taheri; Zohre Taheri; Neda Taheri Sarteshnizi; Mahin Ghafari; Masoud Amiri
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 82-87
Abstract
Background and aims: Nowadays, the age structure of Iran is transitioning from youth to elderly. Although, the elderly population are still accounted for a small portion of the population; however, the population growth rate of this age group is growing compared to the growth of the total population. ...
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Background and aims: Nowadays, the age structure of Iran is transitioning from youth to elderly. Although, the elderly population are still accounted for a small portion of the population; however, the population growth rate of this age group is growing compared to the growth of the total population. Therefore, understanding of the changes of this population is necessary. This study aimed to identify the distribution of population aged 60 years and more, in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province from 1966 to 2011. Methods: The data obtained from the national censuses from 1966 to 2011 as well as the national Statistical Center and Governor’s Office of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Due to incomplete data of 1956, these data were excluded. Results: In 1966, 6.34% of the national total population was over 60 years compared to 6.27% in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. In 2011, 7.68% of population in this province was over 60 years in comparison with 8.21% reported for the total population of Iran. Conclusion: Due to rapid growth of the elderly population in the country as well as Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, considering the needs of this age group is an important necessity.
Original Article
Clinical
Fares Najari; Babak Mostafazadeh; Pantea Ramezannegad
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 88-98
Abstract
Background and aims: There are different causes for brain death including head trauma, cerebrovascular accidents and intracranial space-occupying lesions. The present study was aimed to determine the causes of brain death in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province due to high turnover of trauma in this area ...
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Background and aims: There are different causes for brain death including head trauma, cerebrovascular accidents and intracranial space-occupying lesions. The present study was aimed to determine the causes of brain death in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province due to high turnover of trauma in this area during 2003 to 2013. Methods: This study was based on routine data and was conducted on all brain death cases of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord city, the capital of province, from 2003 to 2013. Necessary data was collected using retrospective method and completion of the questionnaire. Results: The results of the study showed that 95 patients were brain dead in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province over a ten-year study. The mean age of these brain dead patients was 31±15.4 years with the age range of 5 to 78 years. 35.8% (33 patients) of the patients were female. The most common cause of brain death was driving accidents with 44.2% (42 cases). Most of brain deaths were occurred in the summer season with 41.1% (39 patients). Conclusion: The most common causes of brain death in adults and children were trauma due to car accidents. The limited use of safety devices among the population may pose more attention of managers to build the culture of using the safety devices during driving.
Original Article
Biostatistics
Hojat Allah Moradi Pordanjani; Ali Mohammad Amani Shalamzari; Seyyed-Ali Derakhshan; Houshang Beikbakan
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 99-104
Abstract
Background and aims: Internet seems to be increasingly involved a major part of the daily lives of population. In recent years, many reports have confirmed the huge number of internet users worldwide. This article is seeking to explore the factors contributing to the tendency to internet in students ...
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Background and aims: Internet seems to be increasingly involved a major part of the daily lives of population. In recent years, many reports have confirmed the huge number of internet users worldwide. This article is seeking to explore the factors contributing to the tendency to internet in students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS) and aimed to recommend some preventive strategies to deal with their extreme tendencies to the internet usage. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted among 378 students and teachers of SKUMS, randomly enrolled using stratified random sampling from different faculties. To measure the variables, a questionnaire was used. Results: The results showed that the factors such as the tendency to make temporary friends, more attention to the opposite sex, and the loneliness were the most important determinants of extreme tendency to the internet usage. The designing some courses in different educational periods in order to make them more familiar with various online crimes as well as ways of self-protection was one of the most important preventive strategies to deal with extreme tendency to internet. Conclusion: Several factors could contribute into extreme tendency to internet among university students, which have to be identified, and effective strategies should also be exploited to deal with the extreme tendency to internet.
Review article
Environmental Health
Mohsen Arbabi; Sara Hemati; Masoud Amiri
Volume 2, Issue 2 , Spring 2015, Pages 105-109
Abstract
Background and aims: The removing of (potential) toxic heavy metal ions from sewage, especially in industrial and mining waste effluents, has been widely studied in recent years. The aim of present study was to investigate the various methods for lead removal of lead ions from industrial wastewater. ...
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Background and aims: The removing of (potential) toxic heavy metal ions from sewage, especially in industrial and mining waste effluents, has been widely studied in recent years. The aim of present study was to investigate the various methods for lead removal of lead ions from industrial wastewater. Methods: This study was a review research. Data were collected through different databases in various articles. The various methods for lead removal from industrial wastewater were compared to each other. Results: The present study showed the various methods for lead removal from industrial wastewater including chemical precipitation, electrochemical reduction, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, membrane separation, and adsorption. Technical applicability, plant simplicity and cost-effectiveness are the key factors that play major roles in the selection of the most suitable treatment system for inorganic effluents. Conclusions: Adsorption is proposed as an economical and effective method for the retention of lead ions from aqueous industrial wastes because it is simple, effective and economic in removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.