Original Article
Epidemiology
Marjan Hosseinpour; Mohammad Esmaeilpour Aghdam; Masumeh Piri; Farzad Maleki
Abstract
Background and aims: World’s older population is growing, and attention is being directed to the improvement of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This article was conducted to investigate the HRQoL and associated factors in rural elderly residents in west of Iran. Methods: By using ...
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Background and aims: World’s older population is growing, and attention is being directed to the improvement of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This article was conducted to investigate the HRQoL and associated factors in rural elderly residents in west of Iran. Methods: By using the multistage sampling method, 346 elders from rural areas of Shahindezh were enrolled in this population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. To assess the HRQoL of the elderly people, the Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) questionnaire was used. The economic status was classified into 3 categories (good, moderate, and low) using the principal component analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent t test, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze data. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine predictive factors.Results: The mean values and confidence intervals of total core scale and total moderator scale were 38.6 (36.7-40.6) and 31.2 (29.6-32.6), respectively. Univariate analysis showed age, marital status, economic status, occupation, income source, and ethnicity were associated with HRQoL (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed the married, the illiterate, widows/widowers and the divorced, people with low economic status, and the self-employed had low HRQoL with respect to total scale and total core scale models (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HRQoL varies according to socioeconomic factors. Its determinants should be addressed in social and health policies designed to improve the health of older people, especially the most vulnerable groups.
Original Article
Molecular Epidemiology
َAli Fattahi Bafghi; Gilda Eslami; Oghol Niazjorjani; Farzaneh Mirzaei; Javad Namrodi
Abstract
Background and aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health issue in many parts of Iran. Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area is not as simple as that in endemic foci. The management and treatment of this disease are global dilemmas. The purpose of this study was to identify ...
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Background and aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health issue in many parts of Iran. Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area is not as simple as that in endemic foci. The management and treatment of this disease are global dilemmas. The purpose of this study was to identify Leishmania species isolated from human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in patients referred to health centers of Golestan province, Iran. Methods: Cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with suspected lesions were clinically examined. History of journey to the endemic areas of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and/or anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and the characteristics of their lesion(s) were recorded. Diagnosis of the lesion was done by using direct smear microscopy and conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of 360 patients, 202 (57.4 %) were male and 158 (42.8 %) were female. A total of 360 samples were selected from different cities. The number of infected samples in the cities is as follows: Azad Shahr [3 (1.5%)], Aq Qala [11 (5.7%)], Ali Abad [4 (2.1%)], Bandar Turkmen [3 (1.5%)], Bandar Gaz [2 (1%)], Ramian [3 (1.5%)], Kalaleh [23 (12.1%)], Kord koy [1 (0.5%)], Galikesh [7 (3.7 %)], Gomishan [12 (3.6 %)], Gorgan [13 (6.8 %)], Gonbad Qabus [99 (52.1 %)], Marave Tappe [7 (3.6%)] and Minoodasht [2 (1%)]. In the molecular investigations, 186 (96.8%) samples were observed to acquire rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, 4 (2.1%) to acquire urban cutaneous leishmaniasis and 170 (47.2%) to be uninfected. Conclusion: Although history of visiting endemic areas is an important factor to be considered in diagnosis, parasitological confirmation is necessary for the initiation of treatment.
Original Article
Epidemiology
Maryam Mohammadian-Khoshnoud; Tahereh Omidi; Nasrin Shirmohammadi-Khorram; Jalal Poorolajal
Abstract
Background and aims: Despite substantial advances in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the environmental risk factors have not yet been well understood. The present study investigated the association between ASD, and maternal and perinatal risk factors. Methods: This matched, case-control ...
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Background and aims: Despite substantial advances in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the environmental risk factors have not yet been well understood. The present study investigated the association between ASD, and maternal and perinatal risk factors. Methods: This matched, case-control study was conducted in Hamadan, the west of Iran, from November 2015 to May 2016. We enrolled 41 children with ASD aged 3-17 years. We selected four controls per one case from the same hospital where patients were born. Controls were separately matched with cases for sex, age, and birth year. Results: We compared 41 ASD cases with 164 controls. After adjusting the odds ratio (95% CI), ASD was significantly associated with third-degree relatives consanguinity [3.29 (1.39, 7.75)], short birth length [4.99 (1.15, 21.60)], short head circumference [7.87 (1.48, 41.76), respiratory distress syndrome at birth 3.97 (1.91, 8.22)], respiratory assistance at birth [2.92 (1.39, 6.10)], birth hypoxia [2.85 (1.35, 5.99)], and low 1-minute Apgar score [3.65 (1.04, 12.75)]. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ASD may be associated with multiple maternal and perinatal risk factors. Evidence based on large prospective multicenter cohort studies is required to indicate the impacts of maternal and perinatal exposures.
Original Article
Epidemiology
Hossein Aliakbari; Jalil Azimian; Fateme Hasandoost; Maryam Momeni; Farnoosh Rashvandi
Abstract
Background and aims: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) success rate is an important issue for all healthcare facilities. In the present study, success rate and related factors were assessed in a hospital in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2017. By using the ...
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Background and aims: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) success rate is an important issue for all healthcare facilities. In the present study, success rate and related factors were assessed in a hospital in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2017. By using the convenience sampling, 156 patients were selected. Variables based on the In-Hospital Utstein-Style were used, which included 3 categories: patients, cardiac arrest and follow-up. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Results: Of 156 participants, 92 were male and the average age was 61.4±5.5 years. Most cardiac arrest occurred in night shift (43.6%). The most common cause of cardiac arrest was cancer (33%). Of 156 patients, 102 died. Results showed a significant correlation between success rate, a patient’s sex, rhythm type and medication administered during resuscitation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Success rate in our study was low in comparison to previous studies. Further attention should be paid to this issue.
Original Article
Babak Moeini; Masomeh Rostami-Moez; Fereshteh Besharati; Javad Faradmal; Saeed Bashirian
Abstract
Background and aims: Health literacy (HL) can affect individual health, health communication and error in taking medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HL and associated factors among Iranian adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 participants over 18 years of ...
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Background and aims: Health literacy (HL) can affect individual health, health communication and error in taking medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HL and associated factors among Iranian adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 participants over 18 years of age referring to health centers in Hamadan, west of Iran in 2015 were selected by multistage random sampling. HL was assessed by the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). The questionnaire was completed by a trained interviewer. The independent variables were structural and intermediate social factors based on the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: Average age of the participants was 30.88 ±7.38 years and 75.4% of the them were female. The total score of HL was 64.58 ±16.71 (range: 23.82-98.98). Overall, 31.7% (n = 76) of the participants had adequate HL level, 32.5% (n = 78) had borderline HL level and 35.8% (n = 86) had inadequate HL level. Additionally, participants with higher educational levels had higher HL scores than those with lower educational levels (P < 0.001). HL score was significantly higher in males than in females (P = 0.017). Conclusion: HL level seems to be inadequate among Iranian adults in the west of Iran. Moreover, enhancing social determinants such as educational level seems to increase HL. The results highlighted the necessity for change and improvement in adults’ HL.
Original Article
Health Promotion
Zahra Karimi; Elahe Tavassoli; Akbar Babaei Heydarabadi
Abstract
the present research aimed to study the relationship between the consumption of fast foods with perceived stress level among female students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study which was conducted on female ...
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the present research aimed to study the relationship between the consumption of fast foods with perceived stress level among female students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study which was conducted on female students of different faculties and majors in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2016-2017. Out of the study population, 152 students were selected as the sample using random cluster sampling method. The required data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire , a standard 14-item scale for the measurement of perceived stress level, and a checklist to record the number of fast foods consumption (daily, weekly, and monthly). Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and analytic tests in SPSS-18. Participation in the study was voluntary. Results: The results showed that 45.4% of students participated in this study aged 18-20, 16.4% of them were studying in General Hygiene, and 85.8% were a B.S. student. The mean score of perceived stress and fast foods consumption was 51.36±13.52 and 12.42±5.42, respectively. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between age and perceived stress and also between mother’s educational attainment and perceived stress Conclusion: Considering the relationship between perceived stress and fast foods consumption in university students, it is necessary to apply effective patterns and theories of health education and promotion and also to pay attention to interpersonal and environmental factors in order to reduce stress and encourage healthy diets eating habits.
Original Article
Nursing
Leili Yekefallah; Leila Dehghankar; Mahya Shafaei; Fereshteh Yekefallah
Abstract
Background and aims: To know that how emotional intelligence and general health are related, can play a crucial role in the quality of nurses’ performance. The present study was conducted to compare the relationship of emotional intelligence and general health in nurses of intensive care units ...
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Background and aims: To know that how emotional intelligence and general health are related, can play a crucial role in the quality of nurses’ performance. The present study was conducted to compare the relationship of emotional intelligence and general health in nurses of intensive care units with other units in Qazvin city, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in hospitals of Qazvin in 2018. To this end, 250 nurses were selected by random sampling. Data collection tool was Goldberg General Health Standard Questionnaire (GHQ) and Shearing’s Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 18.0 using the statistical tests of Pearson correlation, t test, ANOVA, chi-square, and liner regression. A P value less than 0.05 was also considered statistically significant. Results: The mean score of general health was 21.33 ± 10 and the mean score of emotional intelligence was 122.8 ± 11.5. The findings showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and general health and all general health components (P < 0.05). Level of depression in Intensive Care Unit was higher than that in other units (P < 0.05). Moreover, according to linear regression coefficient, there was a statistically significant association between general health and emotional intelligence (P < 0.05), to such a degree that increasing emotional intelligence caused an increase in general health. This model identified 5.6% of health variance, emotional intelligence, and body mass index (BMI) variables as predictive variables.Conclusion: Considering the fact that nursing is a stressful profession, attention to emotional intelligence is very effective and valuable in improving mental health and as a result, in reducing job stress, increasing the quality of nursing care, reducing burnout, and ultimately increasing patient satisfaction from nursing care.
Review article
Epidemiology
Jahanshah Mohammadzadeh; Shahram Mami; Khadijeh Omidi
Abstract
Background and aims: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, and students are more predisposed to depression than other populations. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the mean depression score in Iranian students based on DASS-21.Methods: The search was carried out using keywords ...
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Background and aims: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, and students are more predisposed to depression than other populations. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the mean depression score in Iranian students based on DASS-21.Methods: The search was carried out using keywords Depression, Student, DASS-21 and Iran in domestic databases, including SID, Medlib, IranMedex, Irandoc, and Magiran. Data were analyzed using a meta-analysis (random effects model). The heterogeneity of studies was studied using the I2 index. Data were analyzed using the Stata software version 11. DASS-21 had been used in all reviewed studies. Results: The sample size was 3229 people included in 17 studies. The mean depression score in Iranian students based on DASS-21 was 9.30 (95% CI: 12.57-6.03), 8.90 in female students (95% CI: 4.50-13.29) and 8.45 in male students (95% CI: 4.03-12.86). The mean scores of anxiety and stress in students were 8.58 (95% CI: 5.95-12.86) and 9.91 (95% CI: 11.28-8.54), respectively. Conclusion: The mean depression score is higher in female students than in male students, and the mean score of stress is slightly higher than those of anxiety and depression.